- E-maillinda.groning@uib.no
- Phone+47 55 58 96 35
- Visitor AddressMagnus Lagabøtes plass 15010 Bergen
- Postal AddressPostboks 78065020 Bergen
Linda Gröning is a Professor in Criminal Law at the University of Bergen, Norway.
- Principal Investigator for DIMENSIONS
- Principal Investigator for CHILDCRIM
- Chair of the Research group for Criminal Justice and Mental Health
Gröning is also the Chair of the Norwegian Criminal Law Commission, has a part time position as a senior researcher at the Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology at Haukeland University Hospital, and is a Honorary Professor at De Montfort University Law School in England.
Scientific autobiography
Gröning completed her Ph.D. thesis at the Faculty of Law in Lund, Sweden in 2008. She was recruited to the University of Bergen as a postdoctoral researcher in 2009, and and was in 2013 appointed professor of criminal law. The main themes of her research are the functionality of the criminal justice system and criminal liability, responsibility and punishment.
Gröning served on the law commission tasked with reforming the Norwegian criminal insanity rules and systems in response to the 22 July 2011 / Anders Breivik case, which resulted in significant law reform. Since 2019 she leads the permanent expert commission on criminal law reforms in Norway.
Gröning is involved in the education for forensic psychiatrists in Norway, and has provided special education for all Norwegian judges in criminal insanity law. She has also been awarded several grants from the Research Council of Norway for large research projects.
She is currently focusing on the legal doctrine of criminal insanity, and how this doctrine is related to mental disorders, with emphasis on comparative research. She is also researching assessments about children's criminal insanity and violence risk.
Linda Gröning is widely used as a speaker at conferences and seminars, and as an expert in the media. Below you will find selected outreach contributions (for a full overview, see Publications).
Invited lectures / key-notes
- ‘Responsibility and Risk: Mental Disorder in Criminal Law’. Utrecht University, Utrecht/Netherlands, 2023.
- ‘Criminal insanity in Norway post 22 July: Controversies and legal reforms’. Leicester De Montfort Law School/England, 2019.
- ‘Research on legal concepts about mental disorders’. Karolinska institutet, Stockholm/Sweden, 2019.
- ‘Mental disorder and violence: A criminal law perspective. 11th European congress on violence in clinical psychiatry, Lillestrøm/Norway, 2019.
- ‘Criminal responsibility in a lifetime perspective’, 13th Nordic Symposium on Forensic Psychiatry, Gothenburg/Sweden, 2019.
Media coverage
- Forskere mener jussen trenger bedre forståelse av utilregnelighet. Morgenbladet.
- Helsehjelp som straffereaksjon. Morgenbladet.
- – Dro ut proppen for å dømme barn til forvaring. Aftenposten.
- Utilregnelighet er ingen diagnose. Aftenposten.
- 22. juli-saken utfordret synet på utilregnelighet. Forskning.no.
- Noen havner i fengsel, mens andre slipper straff. Forskning.no
Recorded lectures
- Criminal Insanity in Norwegian Law. DIMENSIONS conference, Universitetet i Bergen, 2021
- Criminal Insanity – Medical, Philosophical and Legal Perspectives. Bergen Exchanges, UiB/CMI Centre on Law and Social Transformation, 2021
- Ti år etter 22. juli-saken. Utfordringer for jussen og rettsvitenskapen. Universitetet i Bergen, 2021
Podcasts
- Bidrar strängare straff till färre brott? Vad Vi Vet, 9. juli 2022
- Varsku etter nye utilregnelighetsregler. Rett og Slett #31
- Kongsberg-drapene og psykiske lidelser. Rett og Slett #29
- Utilregnelig. UiB Popviten, 10. juni 2021
Linda Gröning has wide experience with teaching and supervision of graduate students, doctoral students, post doctoral fellows and professional practitioners.
Supervision
Today she has four PhD- students under supervision and is mentoring two postdoctoral researchers:
- Martin Minderstrømmen (PhD, UiB): The concept of danger and compulsory psychiatric treatment.
- Lucie Margot Ducarre (PhD, UiB): The right to education of autistic children.
- Kari Øverland (Stipendiat, Helse Bergen/UiB): The child premise in experts assessments about children's criminal insanity and violence risk.
- Natalia Tesli (PhD, UiO): Imaging violence in severe mental discorders; clinical relevance in the interface betweeen law and neuroscience. (Main supervisor: Unn K. Haukvik)
- Stephen Mathis (Postdoc, UiB): The philosophical dimension of criminal insanity.
- Daniil Butenko (Postdoc, Helse Bergen): The medical dimension of criminal insanity.
Teaching:
Faculty of Law, University of Bergen:
Competence Center in Forensic Psychiatry:
- Specialist education for forensic psychiatrists, arranged by SIFER (National network for security-, prison-, and forensic psychiatry).
Previous:
Gröning has previously been the course leader of the PhD-course 'Perspectives on Law and Legal Science' together with professor Jørn Jacobsen at the UiB. From 2002 - 2009 Gröning was teaching criminal law, criminal procedure, international and European criminal law and European human rights law at Faculty of Law/University of Lund/Sweden.
Linda Gröning is the author and editor of a number of articles, book sections and books. Here you will find an overview of her publications sorted by category.
Textbook
- (2011). EU, konstitution, institution, jurisdiktion, 2 uppl. Liber AB.
- (2010). EU: Konstitution, institution, jurisdiktion. Liber.
Academic article
- (2023). Identifying deficits in Ukrainian law: Forensic psychiatry misuse in proceedings of administrative offenses. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry.
- (2023). Criminal insanity in Bulgaria and Norway: Analysing the prospect of a common approach. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry.
- (2022). Strafferettslig utilregnelighet: regelavklaring og rolleavklaring. Jussens venner. 399-441.
- (2022). Strafferettslig utilregnelighet ved psykisk utviklingshemming – en diskusjon om regelen og praktiseringen av den. Tidsskrift for strafferett. 214-237.
- (2022). Remodelling criminal insanity: Exploring philosophical, legal, and medical premises of the medical model used in Norwegian law. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry.
- (2022). Lovkommentar til straffeloven kapittel 25: Voldslovbrudd mv. Karnov lovkommentarer.
- (2021). Utilregnelighet hos barn mellom 15 og 18 år: Utfordringer og muligheter. Tidsskrift for strafferett. 3-19.
- (2021). Straffeloven kapittel 25: Voldsforbrytelsene. Karnov lovkommentarer.
- (2021). Has Norway abandoned its medical model? Thoughts about the criminal insanity reform post 22 July. Criminal law review. 191-202.
- (2021). Bruk av forvaring og sikring overfor barn 1965–2020: Tidsubestemt frihetsberøvelse av barn i et utviklingsperspektiv. Tidsskrift for strafferett. 246-272.
- (2020). Constructing criminal insanity: The roles of legislators, judges and experts in Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands. New Journal of European Criminal Law. 390-410.
- (2019). Criminal Insanity, Psychosis and Impaired Reality Testing in Norwegian Law. Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice (BJCLCJ). 27-59.
- (2018). Intoxication and self-induced criminal incapacity in Norwegian law. Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice (BJCLCJ). 68-91.
- (2017). I huvudet på en maratonlöpare. Reflektioner om straffansvarets biologiska förutsättningar. Tidskrift utgiven av juridiska föreningen Finland. 629-636.
- (2016). Rehabilitation in Principle and Practice: Perspectives of Inmates and Officers. Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice (BJCLCJ). 184-2012.
- (2016). An efficient anticorruption sanctions regime. The case of the World Bank. The Chicago Journal of International Law. 523-552.
- (2015). Tilregnelighet og utilregnelighet: begreper og regler. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab. 112-148.
- (2015). Ja, lovbrytere bør ha fri vilje! Til Espen Schaanning om grunnlaget og utformingen av utilregnelighetsreglene. Arr - Idéhistorisk tidsskrift. 117-128.
- (2014). Kriminell lavalder - noen utgangspunkter. Tidsskrift for strafferett. 314-332.
- (2014). Education for foreign inmates in Norwegian prisons: A legal and humanitarian perspective. Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice (BJCLCJ). 141-163.
- (2013). Straffrättssystemets funktion vid familjevåldsbrott mot barn: problem, utgångspunkter, perspektiv och svar. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab. 369-383.
- (2013). Straffgenomföring som en del av straffrättssystemet: Principförklaring av fängelsestraffets innehåll. Tidsskrift for Rettsvitenskap. 146-195.
- (2013). Familjevåld i gränssnittet mellan straffrätten och barnevernsrätten: Om offentliga myndigheters rätt och plikt att anmäla av brott. Tidsskrift for strafferett. 37-63.
- (2013). Familjevåld i gränssnittet mellan straffrätten och barnevernsrätten : om offentliga myndigheters rätt och plikt att anmäla brott. Tidsskrift for strafferett. 37-63.
- (2012). Towards a Theory of the Criminal Justice System. Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab. 27-46.
- (2010). A criminal justice system or a system deficit : notes on the system structure of the EU criminal law. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice. 115-137.
- (2009). Lissabonfördraget och frågan om EU-straffrättens syfte. Retfærd. Nordisk Juridisk Tidsskrift. 22-47.
Lecture
- (2023). The relevance of mental disorders for criminal accountability: concepts, norms and science.
- (2023). Psykisk utviklingshemming, IQ og strafferettslig utilregnelighet.
- (2023). Perspectives on the responsibility doctrine in criminal law.
- (2023). Comment on criminal justice assessment - Impunity in Mexico.
- (2022). Vurderinger av psykisk sykdom, utilregnelighet og voldsrisiko for barn.
- (2022). Strafferettslig utilregnelighet.
- (2022). Status for forensic psychiatry.
- (2022). Insanity, Mental disorder and Crime.
- (2021). Criminal Insanity in Norwegian Law.
- (2013). Straffrättslig kompetens på EU-nivå.
- (2013). Reaksjonssystemet i grensesnittet mellom behandling, straff og samfunnsvern.
- (2013). En inkluderende strafferett? Straff og straffegjennomføring fra strafferettens perspektiv.
Popular scientific lecture
- (2021). Ti år etter 22 juli saken: Utfordringer for jussen og rettsvitenskapen. .
- (2021). Kvinner i fengsel - stopper likestillingen bak murene?
- (2021). Criminal Insanity - Medical. Philosophial and Legal Perspectives.
- (2011). Straffets föremål och straffrättsystemets innehåll:Tankar från straffrättsvetenskapens horisont.
- (2011). Straffets föremål och straffgenomföring: Frågan om utbildning i fängelset.
Academic lecture
- (2023). Strafferettslig tilregnelighet – rettspraksis etter lovendringen.
- (2023). Criminal insanity, risk and mental disorder: Norwegian law and beyond.
- (2022). Limits of autonomy? reflections about criminal law’s treatment of intellectually disabled persons.
- (2022). Barnekonvensjonen i norsk rett: Barn som tiltalt.
- (2015). Insanity rules in the Nordic Countries.
- (2015). Begrunnelser for straff.
- (2015). Barns Skyldevne.
- (2014). The rules on legal insanity: a debate.
- (2013). Familjevåldsbrott mot barn.
- (2013). A Criminal Law Perspective: Mental order as an excuse.
- (2012). Vold i nære relasjoner fra strafferettens perspektiv.
- (2012). Unity trough science? A common comparative framework for transnational criminal law.
- (2012). Towards a Theory of the Criminal Justice System?
- (2012). Straffegjennomføring fra strafferettens perspektiv.
- (2012). Politisering av strafferetten.
- (2012). Politisering av strafferetten.
- (2012). Hvem har skyldevne?: (U)tilregnelighetsreglene i dag og i fremtiden.
- (2010). “Security, Justice and the Criminal Justice System”.
- (2010). Restorative Justice in Criminal Law: Introduction.
- (2010). Problems of contemporary criminal law.
- (2010). Nationell eller transnationell straffrättsvetenskap?
- (2010). Internasjonalisering av strafferetten; lovgjeving og strafferettsvitskap.
Academic anthology/Conference proceedings
- (2016). Rettsfølelsen i strafferettssystemet – perspektiver fra teori og praksis. Gyldendal Juridisk.
- (2012). Restorative Justice and Criminal Justice. Santérus Academic Press Sweden.
Academic monograph
- (2023). Frihet, forbrytelse og straff : en systematisk fremstilling av norsk strafferett.
- (2020). Forbrytelser i utvalg : straffelovens regler om voldsforbrytelser, seksualforbrytelser, formuesforbrytelser og narkotikaforbrytelser. .
- (2019). Frihet, forbrytelse og straff : En systematisk fremstilling av norsk strafferett.
- (2016). Frihet, forbrytelse og straff. En systematisk fremstilling av norsk strafferett.
- (2015). Frihet, forbrytelse og straff. En systematisk framstilling av norsk strafferett. Foreløpig versjon av del I og II.
Non-fiction book
- (2013). Det europeiska projektet. Liber.
- (2012). Det Europeiska projektet: politik och juridik – historia och framtid. Liber.
Feature article
- (2022). Utilregnelighet er ingen diagnose. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.).
- (2018). Utilregnelighet til besvær – igjen. Morgenbladet.
- (2018). Helsehjelp som straffereaksjon. Morgenbladet.
- (2018). De sakkyndiges rolle i straffesaker. Morgenbladet.
- (2017). Det norske kontrollregimet. Klassekampen.
- (2012). Lovgjeving i terrorens tidsalder. Hubro. Magasin for Universitetet i Bergen.
Doctoral dissertation
- (2019). A Framework for Criminalization. Debating the aims of punishment and the behavioural model of the criminal law.
Interview
- (2023). – Mange som bør ha straff, burde ikke vært i fengsel.
- (2022). – Dro ut proppen for å dømme barn til forvaring.
- (2022). Forskere mener jussen trenger bedre forståelse av utilregnelighet.
- (2022). 183 saker gjenåpnet på grunn av utilregnelighet.
- (2021). Utilregnlig.
Programme management
- (2022). Rett og Slett #31: Varsku etter nye utilregnelighetsregler.
- (2022). Rett og Slett #29: Kongsberg-drapene og psykiske lidelser.
Programme participation
- (2022). Bidrar strängare straff till färre brott?
Academic chapter/article/Conference paper
- (2024). Neuroscience.
- (2024). Mental Illness and Criminal Responsibility.
- (2023). Barn i straffesaker: skyldevne og reaksjonsvalg. 24 pages.
- (2022). Patient autonomy and criminal law: A Norwegian perspective.
- (2022). Criminal insanity in Norwegian Law. 315 pages.
- (2021). Styrket lovskrav – bare i Høyesterett? Et kritisk perspektiv på utviklingen i straffelovgivningen. -117 pages.
- (2020). Barnerett, strafferett eller barnestrafferett? Tanker om barneperspektivets økende rolle i strafferetten. 10 pages.
- (2019). Utilregnelighetsreglenes moderne historie. 26 pages.
- (2019). Juridiske perspektiv på endringer i fengselspopulasjonen. 17 pages.
- (2019). Fornuftig tvil eller tvilsom fornuft? Tvil, sakkyndighet og bevisvurdering i utilregnelighetssaker. 13 pages.
- (2019). Criminal justice and detention. 35 pages.
- (2018). Penal Ideology and Prison Architecture. 18 pages.
- (2016). Er de norske utilregnelighetsreglene i strid med rettsfølelsen? 19 pages.
- (2013). Sjuk, frisk och farlig: straffrättens reaktionssystem i gränssnittet mellan straff, vård och samhällsskydd. 13 pages.
- (2012). Security, Justice and the Criminal Justice System: Remarks on EU Criminal Law. 23 pages.
- (2012). Introduction: Restorative Justice and the Criminal Justice System. 11 pages.
- (2011). Straffrätten i verkligheten eller som verkligheten: Reflektioner kring straffrättsdogmatikens empiriska förankring. 13 pages.
- (2010). Criminal Law Science and Transnational Criminal Law: Reflections on the Role for Comparative Research. 22 pages.
Academic literature review
- (2018). Imaging violence in schizophrenia: A systematic review and critical discussion of the MRI literature. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 1-10.
Introduction
- (2012). Introduction: Restorative Justice and the Criminal Justice System. 9-19.
Popular scientific chapter/article
- (2016). Psykopati i retten: straffansvar, straff og tvungen behandling. 161-185.
Article in business/trade/industry journal
- (2023). Long term outcomes and causal modelling of compulsory inpatient and outpatient mental health care using Norwegian registry data: Protocol for a controversies in psychiatry research project. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research.
- (2017). Hvordan skal vi avgjøre om alvorlig sinnslidelse innebærer utilregnelighet? Refleksjoner om lovforslaget i Prop. 154 L (2016-2017). Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice (BJCLCJ). 77-85.
Chapter
- (2023). Bærekraftig utvikling og fast eiendom: Tanker om fengselsbygg . 615-632. In:
- (2023). Fakultetsbyggjar, vestlending og verdsborgar: Festskrift til Ernst Nordtveit 70 år. Cappelen Damm Akademisk.
- (2014). Rettslige grunnprinsipper, folkerettslige forpliktelser og norsk lovgivning. 31-47. In:
- (2014). Innsatte fra Litauen, Polen og Nigeria: Utdanning, arbeid og kompetanse. .
More information in national current research information system (CRIStin)
Linda Gröning is an experienced project manager of large research projects, and is also involved as a collaborator in several interdiciplinary research projects.
Principal Investigator:
- DIMENSIONS. Criminal insanity and psychosis. Funded by the Research Council of Norway (2021-2026).
- CHILDCRIM. Assessments about children's criminal insanity and violence risk. Funded by the Research Council of Norway (2023-2028).
- Criminal accountability and mental disorders around the world. Funded by the UiB/CMI collaboration fund (2022-2024).
Project Affiliate:
- Historicizing Intelligence. Tests, metrics and the shaping of contemporary society (University of Oslo)
- Controversies in Psychiatry. Coercive measures and medication (Haukeland University Hospital)
- Indefinite preventive detention. The implementation and impact of the ultimate penalty in Norway (NTNU)
Previous projects:
- The functionality of the criminal justice system. Project manager. Funded by Bergen Research Foundation (2011 - 2018).
- Risks and Responses in the Modern Criminal Law. Project manager (together with Jørn Jacobsen). Funded by the Research Council of Norway (2011-2016).
Fields of competence
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