Tropical Infectious Diseases

A new human challenge model for testing heat-stable toxin-based vaccine candidates for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea - dose optimization, clinical outcomes, and CD4+ T cell responses. Sakkestad ST, Steinsland H, Skrede S, Lillebø K, Skutlaberg DH, Guttormsen AB, Zavialov A, Paavilainen S, Søyland H, Sævik M, Heien AR, Tellevik MG, Barry E, Langeland N, Sommerfelt H, Hanevik K. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019 Oct 30;13(10):e0007823. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007823. PubMed PMID: 31665141.

Whole blood preservation methods alter chemokine receptor detection in mass cytometry experiments. Sakkestad ST, Skavland J, Hanevik K. J Immunol Methods. 2019 Oct 17:112673. doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112673. PubMed PMID: 31629741.

A man in his 80s with arthritis and persistent fever. Blomberg B, Müller KE, Helgeland L, Fladeby C, Mørch K. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2019 Sep 23;139(13). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0546. Print 2019 Sep 24. English, Norwegian. PubMed PMID:
31556531.

Imported visceral leishmaniasis and immunosuppression in seven Norwegian patients. Schwartz T, Jensenius M, Blomberg B, Fladeby C, Mæland A, Pettersen FO. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines. 2019 Aug 22;5:16. doi:10.1186/s40794-019-0092-x. eCollection 2019. PubMed PMID: 31463070

Prolonged and persistent diarrhoea is notrestricted to children with acute malnutrition: an observational study in Ethiopia. Zangenberg M, Johansen ØH, Abdissa A, Eshetu B, Kurtzhals JAL, Friis H, Sommerfelt H, Langeland N, Hanevik K. Trop Med Int Health. 2019 Sep;24(9):1088-1097. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13291. Epub 2019 Aug 16. PubMed PMID: 31325406.

Assessment of malaria real-time PCR methods and application with focus on low-level parasitaemia. Haanshuus CG, Mørch K, Blomberg B, Strøm GEA, Langeland N, Hanevik K, Mohn SC. PLoS One. 2019 Jul 5;14(7):e0218982. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218982. eCollection 2019. PubMed PMID: 31276473;

Experimental Infection of Human Volunteers with the Heat-Stable Enterotoxin-Producing Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strain TW11681. Todnem Sakkestad S, Steinsland H, Skrede S, Kleppa E, Lillebø K, Sævik M, Søyland H, Rykkje Heien A, Gjerde Tellevik M, Barry EM, Sommerfelt H, Hanevik K. Pathogens. 2019 Jun 22;8(2). pii: E84. doi: 10.3390/pathogens8020084. PubMed PMID: 31234485.

Genetic variation in metronidazole metabolism and oxidative stress pathways in clinical Giardia lamblia assemblage A and B isolates. Saghaug CS, Klotz C, Kallio JP, Brattbakk HR, Stokowy T, Aebischer T, Kursula I, Langeland N, Hanevik K. Infect Drug Resist. 2019 May 10;12:1221-1235. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S177997. eCollection 2019. PubMed PMID: 31190910; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6519707.

Identification of Conserved Candidate Vaccine Antigens in the Surface Proteome of Giardia lamblia. Davids BJ, Liu CM, Hanson EM, Le CHY, Ang J, Hanevik K, Fischer M, Radunovic M, Langeland N, Ferella M, Svärd SG, Ghassemian M, Miyamoto Y, Eckmann L. Infect Immun. 2019 May 21;87(6). pii: e00219-19. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00219-19. Print 2019 Jun. PubMed PMID: 30962402.

Quality of life and its association with irritable bowel syndrome and fatigue ten years after giardiasis. Litleskare S, Rortveit G, Eide GE, Emberland KE, Hanevik K, Langeland N, Wensaas KA. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019 Feb 14:e13559. doi: 10.1111/nmo.13559.

The way forward for ETEC controlled human infection models (CHIMs). Hanevik K, Chen WH, Talaat KR, Porter C, Bourgeois L. Vaccine. 2019 Jan 29. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.003.

Introducing post-discharge malaria chemoprevention (PMC) for management of severe anemia in Malawian children: a qualitative study of community health workers' perceptions and motivation. Nkosi-Gondwe T, Robberstad B, Blomberg B, Phiri KS, Lange S. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018 Dec 19;18(1):984. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3791-5.

Aortic valve endocarditis with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: A rare zoonosis. Nielsen JJ, Blomberg B, Gaïni S, Lundemoen S. Infect Dis Rep. 2018 Nov 6;10(3):7770. doi: 10.4081/idr.2018.7770.

Soluble markers of neutrophil, T-cell and monocyte activation are associated with disease severity and parasitemia in falciparum malaria. Otterdal K, Berg A, Michelsen AE, Patel S, Tellevik MG, Haanshuus CG, Fevang B, Aukrust P, Langeland N, Ueland T. BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Dec 18;18(1):670. doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3593-8

Prolonged duodenal mucosal lymphocyte alterations in patients with and without post-infectious functional gastrointestinal disorders after Giardia infection. Dizdar V, Hausken T, Larum OD, Gilja OH, Langeland N, Hanevik K. J Infect Dis. 2018 Nov 30. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy690

Genetic and transcriptional analysis of inflammatory bowel disease-associated pathways in patients with GUCY2C-linked familial diarrhea. Tronstad RR, Polushina T, Brattbakk HR, Stansberg C, von Volkmann HL, Hanevik K, Ellinghaus E, Jørgensen SF, Ersland KM, Pham KD, Gilja OH, Hovdenak N, Hausken T, Vatn MH, Franke A, Knappskog PM, Le Hellard S, Karlsen TH, Fiskerstrand T. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2018 Oct - Nov;53(10-11):1264-1273. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2018.1521867.

Treatment-refractory giardiasis: challenges and solutions. Lalle M, Hanevik K. Infect Drug Resist. 2018 Oct 24;11:1921-1933. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S141468.

Proliferation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain TW11681 in stools of experimentally infected human volunteers. Vedøy OB, Hanevik K, Sakkestad ST, Sommerfelt H, Steinsland H. Gut Pathog. 2018 Oct 16;10:46.

Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Health Care Workers in Tertiary and Regional Hospitals in Dar es Salam, Tanzania. Joachim A, Moyo SJ, Nkinda L, Majigo M, Rugarabamu S, Mkashabani EG, Mmbaga EJ, Mbembati N, Aboud S, Lyamuya EF. Int J Microbiol. 2018 Sep 10;2018:5058390. doi: 10.1155/2018/5058390.

Giardiasis: a diagnosis that should be considered regardless of the setting. Escobedo AA, Almirall P, Hanevik K, Cimerman S, Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Almanza C, Auza-Santivañez J. Epidemiol Infect. 2018 Jul;146(10):1216-1218

Delivery strategies for malaria chemoprevention with monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the post-discharge management of severe anaemia in children aged less than 5 years old in Malawi: a protocol for a cluster randomized trial. Gondwe T, Robberstad B, Mukaka M, Lange S, Blomberg B, Phiri K. BMC Pediatr. 2018 Jul 20;18(1):238. doi: 10.1186/s12887-018-1199-3.

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I as an Effector Element of the Cytokine IL-4 in the Development of a Leishmania major Infection. Reis LC, Ramos-Sanchez EM, Petitto-Assis F, Nerland AH, Hernandez-Valladares M, Selheim F, Floeter-Winter LM, Goto H. Mediators Inflamm. 2018 Jul 29;2018:9787128. doi: 10.1155/2018/9787128

Amino acid permease 3 (aap3) coding sequence as a target for Leishmania identification and diagnosis of leishmaniases using high resolution melting analysis. Müller KE, Zampieri RA, Aoki JI, Muxel SM, Nerland AH, Floeter-Winter LM. Parasit Vectors. 2018 Jul 16;11(1):421. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2989-z.

Delivery strategies for malaria chemoprevention with monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the post-discharge management of severe anaemia in children aged less than 5 years old in Malawi: a protocol for a cluster randomized trial. Gondwe T, Robberstad B, Mukaka M, Lange S, Blomberg B, Phiri K. BMC Pediatr. 2018 Jul 20;18(1):238.

Longitudinal cohort study of serum antibody responses towards Giardia lamblia variant-specific surface proteins in a non-endemic area. Hjøllo T, Bratland E, Steinsland H, Radunovic M, Langeland N, Hanevik K. Exp Parasitol. 2018 Aug;191:66-72. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.06.005

Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Fatigue 10 Years After Giardia Infection. Litleskare S, Rortveit G, Eide GE, Hanevik K, Langeland N, Wensaas KA. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jul;16(7):1064-1072.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2018.01.022

Transient elevation of anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysium antibodies in Giardia infection. Hanevik K, Wik E, Langeland N, Hausken T. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun - Jul;53(7):809-812. doi:10.1080/00365521.2018.1481522

Comprehensive Analysis of Prevalence, Epidemiologic Characteristics, and Clinical Characteristics of Monoinfection and Coinfection in Diarrheal Diseases in Children in Tanzania. Moyo SJ, Kommedal Ø, Blomberg B, Hanevik K, Tellevik MG, Maselle SY, Langeland N. Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Nov 1;186(9):1074-1083. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx173.

Epidemiology and impact on all-cause mortality of sepsis in Norwegian hospitals: A national retrospective study. Knoop ST, Skrede S, Langeland N, Flaatten HK. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 17;12(11):e0187990. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187990.

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Pathology in Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Jørgensen SF, Reims HM, Frydenlund D, Holm K, Paulsen V, Michelsen AE, Jørgensen KK, Osnes LT, Bratlie J, Eide TJ, Dahl CP, Holter E, Tronstad RR, Hanevik K, Brattbakk HR, Kaveh F, Fiskerstrand T, Kran AB, Ueland T, Karlsen TH, Aukrust P, Lundin KE, Fevang B. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 Oct;111(10):1467-1475. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2016.329.

Acute undifferentiated fever in India: a multicentre study of aetiology and diagnostic accuracy. Mørch K, Manoharan A, Chandy S, Chacko N, Alvarez-Uria G, Patil S, Henry A, Nesaraj J, Kuriakose C, Singh A, Kurian S, Gill Haanshuus C, Langeland N, Blomberg B, Vasanthan Antony G, Mathai D. BMC Infect Dis. 2017 Oct 4;17(1):665. doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2764-3.

RNA-seq transcriptional profiling of Leishmania amazonensis reveals an arginase-dependent gene expression regulation. Aoki JI, Muxel SM, Zampieri RA, Laranjeira-Silva MF, Müller KE, Nerland AH, Floeter-Winter LM. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Oct 27;11(10):e0006026. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006026.

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage on admission among patients attending regional hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Joachim A, Moyo SJ, Nkinda L, Majigo M, Mmbaga E, Mbembati N, Aboud S, Lyamuya EF. BMC Res Notes. 2017 Aug 22;10(1):417. doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-2668-8.

Schistosomiasis in European Travelers and Migrants: Analysis of 14 Years TropNet Surveillance Data. Lingscheid T, Kurth F, Clerinx J, Marocco S, Trevino B, Schunk M, Muñoz J, Gjørup IE, Jelinek T, Develoux M, Fry G, Jänisch T, Schmid ML, Bouchaud O, Puente S, Zammarchi L, Mørch K, Björkman A, Siikamäki H, Neumayr A, Nielsen H, Hellgren U, Paul M, Calleri G, Kosina P, Myrvang B, Ramos JM, Just-Nübling G, Beltrame A, Saraiva da Cunha J, Kern P, Rochat L, Stich A, Pongratz P, Grobusch MP, Suttorp N, Witzenrath M, Hatz C, Zoller T; TropNet Schistosomiasis Investigator Group. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017 Aug;97(2):567-574. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0034.

Genetic variation in potential Giardia vaccine candidates cyst wall protein 2 and α1-giardin. Radunovic M, Klotz C, Saghaug CS, Brattbakk HR, Aebischer T, Langeland N, Hanevik K. Parasitol Res. 2017 Aug;116(8):2151-2158. doi:10.1007/s00436-017-5516-9.

Intravenous Artesunate Reduces Parasite Clearance Time, Duration of Intensive Care, and Hospital Treatment in Patients With Severe Malaria in Europe: The TropNet Severe Malaria Study. Kurth F, Develoux M, Mechain M, Clerinx J, Antinori S, Gjørup IE, Gascon J, Mørch K, Nicastri E, Ramharter M, Bartoloni A, Visser L, Rolling T, Zanger P, Calleri G, Salas-Coronas J, Nielsen H, Just-Nübling G, Neumayr A, Hachfeld A, Schmid ML, Antonini P, Pongratz P, Kern P, Saraiva da Cunha J, Soriano-Arandes A, Schunk M, Suttorp N, Hatz C, Zoller T; TropNet Severe Malaria Investigator Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 1;61(9):1441-4. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ575.

Detection of CTX-M-15 beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae causing hospital-and community-acquired urinary tract infections as early as 2004, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Manyahi J, Moyo SJ, Tellevik MG, Ndugulile F, Urassa W, Blomberg B, Langeland N. BMC Infect Dis. 2017 Apr 17;17(1):282. doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2395-8.

Quantitative proteomic analysis of extracellular matrix extracted from mono- and dual-species biofilms of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mohammed MMA, Pettersen VK, Nerland AH, Wiker HG, Bakken V. Anaerobe. 2017 Apr;44:133-142. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.03.002.

An observational study of community-acquired severe sepsis comparing intensive care and non-intensive care patients. Nygård ST, Skrede S, Langeland N, Flaatten HK. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017 Feb;61(2):194-204. doi: 10.1111/aas.12848.

Giardia-specific cellular immune responses in post-giardiasis chronic fatigue syndrome. Hanevik K, Kristoffersen E, Mørch K, Rye KP, Sørnes S, Svärd S, Bruserud Ø, Langeland N. BMC Immunol. 2017 Jan 28;18(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12865-017-0190-3

Molecular Characterization of Cotrimoxazole Resistance Genes and Their Associated Integrons in Clinical Isolates of Gram-Negative Bacteria from Tanzania. Manyahi J, Tellevik MG, Ndugulile F, Moyo SJ, Langeland N, Blomberg B. Microb Drug Resist. 2017 Jan;23(1):37-43. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0074.

Severe malaria in Europe: an 8-year multi-centre observational study. Kurth F, Develoux M, Mechain M, Malvy D, Clerinx J, Antinori S, Gjørup IE, Gascon J, Mørch K, Nicastri E, Ramharter M, Bartoloni A, Visser L, Rolling T, Zanger P, Calleri G, Salas-Coronas J, Nielsen H, Just-Nübling G, Neumayr A, Hachfeld A, Schmid ML, Antonini P, Lingscheid T, Kern P, Kapaun A, da Cunha JS, Pongratz P, Soriano-Arandes A, Schunk M, Suttorp N, Hatz C, Zoller T. Malar J. 2017 Jan 31;16(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12936-016-1673-z.

High Prevalence of Faecal Carriage of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae among Children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tellevik MG, Blomberg B, Kommedal Ø, Maselle SY, Langeland N, Moyo SJ. PLoS One. 2016 Dec 9;11(12):e0168024. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168024.

Early Response in Cellulitis: A Prospective Study of Dynamics and Predictors. Bruun T, Oppegaard O, Hufthammer KO, Langeland N, Skrede S. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Oct 15;63(8):1034-1041. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw463.

Postinfectious and sporadic functional gastrointestinal disorders have different prevalences and rates of overlap: results from a controlled cohort study 3 years after acute giardiasis. Wensaas KA, Hanevik K, Hausken T, Eide GE, Langeland N, Mørch K, Rortveit G. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016 Oct;28(10):1561-9. doi:10.1111/nmo.12856.

Editorial Commentary: Giardia lamblia-Pathogen or Commensal? Hanevik K. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 15;63(6):798-9. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw392.

A High Malaria Prevalence Identified by PCR among Patients with Acute Undifferentiated Fever in India. Haanshuus CG, Chandy S, Manoharan A, Vivek R, Mathai D, Xena D, Singh A, Langeland N, Blomberg B, Vasanthan G, Sitaram U, Appasamy J, Nesaraj J, Henry A, Patil S, Alvarez-Uria G, Armstrong L, Mørch K. PLoS One. 2016 Jul 7;11(7):e0158816. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158816.

Long-Term Consequences of Cryptosporidium and Giardia Gastroenteritis. Hanevik K. Current Tropical Medicine Reports. 2016 Sep 3 (3), 89-93. doi:10.1007/s40475-016-0078-y

Salivary IgA from the sublingual compartment as a novel noninvasive proxy for intestinal immune induction. Aase A, Sommerfelt H, Petersen LB, Bolstad M, Cox RJ, Langeland N, Guttormsen AB, Steinsland H, Skrede S, Brandtzaeg P. Mucosal Immunol. 2016 Jul;9(4):884-93. doi: 10.1038/mi.2015.107.

Clinical features of suspected Ebola cases referred to the Moyamba ETC, Sierra Leone: challenges in the later stages of the 2014 outbreak. Arranz J, Lundeby KM, Hassan S, Zabala Fuentes LM, San José Garcés P, Haaskjold YL, Bolkan HA, Krogh KØ, Jongopi J, Mellesmo S, Jøsendal O, Øpstad Å, Svensen E, Kamara AS, Roberts DP, Stamper PD, Austin P, Moosa AJ, Marke D, Berg Å, Blomberg B, Riera M. BMC Infect Dis. 2016 Jun 22;16:308. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-1609-9.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Norway: a nationwide study, 1995-2014. Jensenius M, Winje BA, Blomberg B, Mengshoel AT, Lippe Bv, Hannula R, Bruun JN, Knudsen PK, Rønning JO, Heldal E, Dyrhol-Riise AM. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2016 Jun;20(6):786-92. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0895.

Excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep need and insomnia 3 years after Giardia infection: a cohort study. Hunskar GS, Bjorvatn B, Wensaas KA, Hanevik K, Eide GE, Langeland N, Rortveit G. Sleep Health. 2016 Jun;2(2):154-158. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2016.03.005.

Etiology of Cellulitis and the Validity of New and Old Methods. Bruun T, Oppegaard O, Kittang BR, Mylvaganam H, Langeland N, Skrede S. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Apr 1;62(7):954-5. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw003.

Short interferon and ribavirin treatment for HCV genotype 2 or 3 infection: NORDynamIC trial and real-life experience. Waldenström J, Färkkilä M, Rembeck K, Norkrans G, Langeland N, Mørch K, Pedersen C, Rauning Buhl M, Nieminen U, Nuutinen H, Alsiö Å, Holmström L, Jungnelius R, Lund K, Rubensson A, Torell E, Westin J, Lagging M. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar;51(3):337-43. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1087588.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Microbes Causing Bloodstream Infections in Unguja, Zanzibar. Onken A, Said AK, Jørstad M, Jenum PA, Blomberg B. PLoS One. 2015 Dec 23;10(12):e0145632. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145632.

Complement Activation Correlates With Disease Severity and Contributes to Cytokine Responses in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. Berg A, Otterdal K, Patel S, Gonca M, David C, Dalen I, Nymo S, Nilsson M, Nordling S, Magnusson PU, Ueland T, Prato M, Giribaldi G, Mollnes TE, Aukrust P, Langeland N, Nilsson PH. J Infect Dis. 2015 Dec 1;212(11):1835-40. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv283.

Global collaboration bears fruit: Tanzania report. Fredrick FF, Ruggajo PJ, Basu G, Svarstad E, Langeland N. Kidney Int. 2015 Dec;88(6):1211-1214. doi: 10.1038/ki.2015.248.

Etiology of Cellulitis and Clinical Prediction of Streptococcal Disease: A Prospective Study. Bruun T, Oppegaard O, Kittang BR, Mylvaganam H, Langeland N, Skrede S. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 25;3(1):ofv181. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv181.

Perceived food intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome in a population 3 years after a giardiasis-outbreak: a historical cohort study. Litleskare S, Wensaas KA, Eide GE, Hanevik K, Kahrs GE, Langeland N, Rortveit G. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015 Nov 19;15:164. doi: 10.1186/s12876-015-0393-0. PubMed PMID: 26585714; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4653841.

Dogs as the source of Giardia in Bergen in 2004 – barking up the wrong tree? Robertson LJ, Tysnes KR, Hanevik K, Langeland N, Mørch K, Hausken T, Nygård K. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2015 Oct 20;135(19):1718-20. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0883.

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among Young Children with and without Diarrhea in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tellevik MG, Moyo SJ, Blomberg B, Hjøllo T, Maselle SY, Langeland N, Hanevik K. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Oct 9;9(10):e0004125. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004125.

Human Memory CD4+ T Cell Immune Responses against Giardia lamblia. Saghaug CS, Sørnes S, Peirasmaki D, Svärd S, Langeland N, Hanevik K. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2015 Sep 16;23(1):11-8. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00419-15.

The relationship between irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, chronic fatigue and overactive bladder syndrome: a controlled study 6 years after acute gastrointestinal infection. Persson R, Wensaas KA, Hanevik K, Eide GE, Langeland N, Rortveit G. BMC Gastroenterol. 2015 Jun 10;15:66. doi: 10.1186/s12876-015-0296-0.

Symptomatic and asymptomatic secondary transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum following two related outbreaks in schoolchildren. Johansen ØH, Hanevik K, Thrana F, Carlson A, Stachurska-Hagen T, Skaare D, Robertson LJ. Epidemiol Infect. 2015 Jun;143(8):1702-9. doi: 10.1017/S095026881400243X.

Preparedness for severe malaria. Heggheim Å, Blomberg B, Mørch K. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2015 Mar 24;135(6):533-5. doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.0350.

Genetic relatedness and risk factor analysis of ampicillin-resistant and high-level gentamicin-resistant enterococci causing bloodstream infections in Tanzanian children. Aamodt H, Mohn SC, Maselle S, Manji KP, Willems R, Jureen R, Langeland N, Blomberg B. BMC Infect Dis. 2015 Feb 28;15:107. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-0845-8.

Intestinal microbiota and diet in IBS: causes, consequences, or epiphenomena? Rajilić-Stojanović M, Jonkers DM, Salonen A, Hanevik K, Raes J, Jalanka J, deVos WM, Manichanh C, Golic N, Enck P, Philippou E, Iraqi FA, Clarke G, Spiller RC, Penders J. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb;110(2):278-87. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.427.

Whole genome sequencing of clinical isolates of Giardia lamblia. Hanevik K, Bakken R, Brattbakk HR, Saghaug CS, Langeland N. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015 Feb;21(2):192.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.08.014.

Identification of VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Tanzania is associated with sequence types 244 and 640 and the location of blaVIM-2 in a TniC integron. Moyo S, Haldorsen B, Aboud S, Blomberg B, Maselle SY, Sundsfjord A, Langeland N, Samuelsen Ø. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Jan;59(1):682-5. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01436-13.

Prevalence and molecular characterisation of human adenovirus in diarrhoeic children in Tanzania; a case control study. Moyo SJ, Hanevik K, Blomberg B, Kommedal O, Nordbø SA, Maselle S, Langeland N. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Dec 12;14:666.doi: 10.1186/s12879-014-0666-1.

Severe human Babesia divergens infection in Norway. Mørch K, Holmaas G, Frolander PS, Kristoffersen EK. Int J Infect Dis. 2015 Apr;33:37-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.12.034.

Cytokine network in adults with falciparum Malaria and HIV-1: increased IL-8 and IP-10 levels are associated with disease severity. Berg A, Patel S, Gonca M, David C, Otterdal K, Ueland T, Dalen I, Kvaløy JT, Mollnes TE, Aukrust P, Langeland N. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 11;9(12):e114480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114480.

Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue 6 years after giardia infection: a controlled prospective cohort study. Hanevik K, Wensaas KA, Rortveit G, Eide GE, Mørch K, Langeland N. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 15;59(10):1394-400. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu629.

Experimental infection of healthy volunteers with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli wild-type strain TW10598 in a hospital ward. Skrede S, Steinsland H, Sommerfelt H, Aase A, Brandtzaeg P, Langeland N, Cox RJ, Saevik M, Wallevik M, Skutlaberg DH, Tellevik MG, Sack DA, Nataro JP, Guttormsen AB. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Sep 4;14:482. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-482.

Management of chronic Giardia infection. Escobedo AA, Hanevik K, Almirall P, Cimerman S, Alfonso M. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2014 Sep;12(9):1143-57. doi: 10.1586/14787210.2014.942283.

Genetic diversity of norovirus in hospitalised diarrhoeic children and asymptomatic controls in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Moyo S, Hanevik K, Blomberg B, Kommedal O, Vainio K, Maselle S, Langeland N. Infect Genet Evol. 2014 Aug;26:340-7. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.013.

Comparison of four methods for extracting DNA from dried blood on filter paper for PCR targeting the mitochondrial Plasmodium genome. Strøm GE, Tellevik MG, Hanevik K, Langeland N, Blomberg B. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014 Aug;108(8):488-94. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/tru084.

Education and knowledge helps combating malaria, but not degedege: a cross-sectional study in Rufiji, Tanzania. Spjeldnæs AO, Kitua AY, Blomberg B. Malar J. 2014 May 28;13:200. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-200.

Genetic diversity of circulating rotavirus strains in Tanzania prior to the introduction of vaccination. Moyo SJ, Blomberg B, Hanevik K, Kommedal O, Vainio K, Maselle SY, Langeland N. PLoS One. 2014 May 20;9(5):e97562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097562

PCR targeting Plasmodium mitochondrial genome of DNA extracted from dried blood on filter paper compared to whole blood. Strøm GE, Moyo S, Fataki M, Langeland N, Blomberg B. Malar J. 2014 Apr 7;13:137. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-137.

A novel fibrosis index comprising a non-cholesterol sterol accurately predicts HCV-related liver cirrhosis. Ydreborg M, Lisovskaja V, Lagging M, Brehm Christensen P, Langeland N, Buhl MR, Pedersen C, Mørch K, Wejstål R, Norkrans G, Lindh M, Färkkilä M, Westin J. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 3;9(4):e93601. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093601.

Aetiology, antimicrobial therapy and outcome of patients with community acquired severe sepsis: a prospective study in a Norwegian university hospital. Nygård ST, Langeland N, Flaatten HK, Fanebust R, Haugen O, Skrede S. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Mar 4;14:121. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-121.

Stability of glycoprotein gene sequences of herpes simplex virus type 2 from primary to recurrent human infection, and diversity of the sequences among patients attending an STD clinic. Haarr L, Nilsen A, Knappskog PM, Langeland N. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Feb 6;14:63. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-63.

Increased severity and mortality in adults co-infected with malaria and HIV in Maputo, Mozambique: a prospective cross-sectional study. Berg A, Patel S, Aukrust P, David C, Gonca M, Berg ES, Dalen I, Langeland N. PLoS One. 2014 Feb 5;9(2):e88257. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088257.

Sequence diversity of sicG among group C and G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis isolates associated with human infections in western Norway. Oppegaard O, Mylvaganam H, Skrede S, Langeland N, Kittang BR. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014 Feb;33(2):273-7. doi: 10.1007/s10096-013-1955-0.

[A woman with long-lasting diarrhoea and fatigue]. Hanevik K, Alvsvåg JO, Sund KK. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2014 Jan 28;134(2):189-92. doi:10.4045/tidsskr.13.0070.