Malgorzata Agnieszka Cyndecka
- E-mailMalgorzata.Cyndecka@uib.no
- Phone+47 55 58 97 41+47 911 01 024
- Visitor AddressThe Faculty of LawMagnus Lagabøtes plass 15010 BergenRoom452
- Postal AddressPostboks 78065020 BERGEN
Chronicles in newspapers:
Sugar tax in Norway and State aid rules, Dagens Næringsliv, 2018-06-20
Amazon og Apples skatteregning i EU, Dagens Næringsliv, 2017-11-08
Innovasjon Norge må forklare seg Bergens Tidende, 2017-10-11
Like vilkår - men likere for noen Dagens Næringsliv, 2017-04-25
Kan være både tillatt og fornuftig Dagens Næringsliv, 2016-08-15
Hvor mye «kultur» i kulturaktivitet? Dagens Næringsliv, 2016-07-1
Co-supervison of a PhD candidate:
Øyvind Røed "Incompatible state guarantees" (in Norwegian)
Supervision of master students: EU/EEA State aid law, Data protection law, GDPR (in English and Norwegian)
Teaching:
JUS291-2-A EU and EEA State Aid Law - course leader
http://www.uib.no/emne/JUS291-2-A
JUS287-2-A EU/EEA Commercial Law
http://www.uib.no/emne/JUS287-2-A
NIRI Norwegian and international legal institutions
- 2019. ‘Reversed’, ‘Excessive’ or Misconstrued? The Controversy About the Burden of Proof in MEOP Cases. European State Aid Law Quarterly. 157-168.
- 2019. The MEOP in the Larko Case · Case T-423/14 Larko Geniki . European State Aid Law Quarterly. 180-185.
- 2019. The 2019 ‘Fitness Check’ of State Aid Modernisation Reform of 2012—An Opportunity to Redefine and Reintroduce Sustainability into the EU/EEA State Aid Rules? The Example of the Transport Sector. Sustainability. 20 pages.
- 2019. Review of EU Case Law on State Aid – 2018. European State Aid Law Quarterly. 313-338.
- 2018. The MEOP in the FIH Case - Where Law and Economics Meet, but Law Prevails (C‑579/16 P Commission v FIH ∙ Annotation on the Judgment of the Court of Justice (Grand Chamber) of 6 March 2018, in Case C‑579/16 P European Commission v FIH Holding and FIH Erhvervsbank (FIH)). European State Aid Law Quarterly. 546-552.
- 2018. Price Increasing Tax Reductions for Electronic Newspapers. Implications for State Aid Policy. European State Aid Law Quarterly. 375-386.
- 2018. Once an Aid Recipient, Always an Aid Recipient? The Post-Crisis State Interventions in the Banking Sector and Beyond. European State Aid Law Quarterly. 192-203.
- 2017. The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle: Lessons Learnt from the Financial Crisis. European State Aid Law Quarterly. 512-526.
- 2017. FIH Holding and FIH Erhvervsbank v European Commission ∙ T‑386/14. Annotation on the Judgment of the General Court (Sixth Chamber) of 15 September 2016 in Case T‑386/14 FIH Holding and FIH Erhvervsbank v European Commission. European State Aid Law Quarterly. 86-92.
- 2016. The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle Article that won European State Aid Quarterly PhD Award 2016. European State Aid Law Quarterly. 381-399.
- 2015. The problem of objectives pursued by the state under the application of the Market Economy Investor Principle (MEIP). Tidsskrift for Rettsvitenskap. 263-294.
- 2013. O zadawaniu właściwych pytań, czyli kilka refleksji na temat dopuszczalności zastosowania kryterium (testu) prywatnego inwestora. Glosa do wyroków Sądu z dnia 15 grudnia 2009 r. w sprawie T-156/04 Électricité de France v. Komisja i Trybunału z dnia 5 czerwca 2012 r. w sprawie C-124/10 P. Komisja v. Électricité de France – obu dotyczących umorzenia wierzytelności podatkowej przez władze francuskie wobec Électricité de France (EDF). Internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny. 190-214.
- 2020. Personvern og GDPR.
- 2020. EØS-regler om statsstøtte, like konkurransevilkår og gode formål.
- 2018. EEA law and the climate change. Some thoughts from Norway .
- 2017. «EØS-avtalens vilkår om at støtten må påvirke samhandelen mellom avtalepartene (samhandelskriteriet)».
- 2017. «Etterlevelse av markedsaktørprinsippet (MEOP)».
- 2017. Sole responsibility for a half-day seminar on the Market Economy Investor Principle (lecture, assignments).
- 2019. Brexit - possible consequences and impact on Scandinavia.
- 2019. The selectivity condition in tax cases - where do we stand?
- 2019. The burden of proof and evidence required under the Market Economy Operator Principle - lessons learnt from recent case law.
- 2019. The 2019 ‘Fitness check’ of State aid Modernisation reform of 2012 - an opportunity to redefine and reintroduce sustainability into EU/EEA State aid rules? .
- 2019. State Aid at the Local Level - Norway.
- 2019. Recovery of aid. Selected issues.
- 2019. How to determine the creditworthiness of an SME?
- 2019. EØS-regler om statsstøtte i universitets- og høyskolesektoren.
- 2019. Could rules on State aid to promote risk finance investments also promote sustainable economic growth?
- 2018. «Norske universiteter og høyskoler i lys av EU/EØS-regler om statsstøtte» - presentasjon i kjølvannet av Politisk plattform for en regjering utgått av Høyre, Fremskrittspartiet og Venstre, Jeløya, 14. januar 2018 og Rapport «Like konkurransevilkår for offentlige og private aktører» av 23. januar 2018 (Nærings- og fiskeridepartementet).
- 2018. Personvern og menneskerettigheter.
- 2018. Offentliga aktörers möjligheter och begränsningar att investera i egna bolag.
- 2017. “EU/EEA state aid law and the energy sector”.
- 2017. «Price increasing tax reductions for electronic newspapers: Implications for State aid policy” basert på en artikkel skrevet sammen med Tim Wyndham, NHH, som gjelder nullmoms på elektroniske aviser i Norge.
- 2017. «Price increasing tax reductions for electronic newspapers: Implications for State aid policy”.
- 2017. Startup seminar "Towards more stability, competitiveness and predictability in the financial sector" Presentation of the project financed by the Finansmarkedsfondet Presentation of the postdoctoral project: «Towards more stability, competitiveness and predictability in the financial sector: the correct use of the Market Economy Operator Principle as part of the solution» .
- 2017. Presentasjon av postdok.-prosjektet på Stockholm School of Economics - Towards more stability, competitiveness and predictability in the financial sector: the correct use of the Market Economy Operator Principle as part of the solution.
- 2017. Presentasjon av postdoc.-prosjektet og statsstøtteregelverket for miljø og energitiltak på et seminar med representanter fra Utenriksdepartementet (rettsavdeling).
- 2017. Fremleggelse av en artikkel: Once an Aid Recipient, Always an Aid Recipient? The Post-Crisis State Interventions in the Banking Sector and Beyond .
- 2016. The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle Lecture following receiving the price for the best PhD thesis in the period 2012-2016 - the European State Aid Law Quarterly PhD Award for the best PhD thesis in the field of EU/EEA State aid law .
- 2016. Om anvendbarhet og anvendelse av markedaktørprinsippet.
- 2016. Fremleggelse av en artikkel: «The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle: Lessons learnt from the Financial Crisis».
- 2016. BECCLE-Seminar: Kryssubsidiering, effektiv ressursbruk og ESAs kontroll av det offentlige.
- 2013. The Applicability and Application of MEIP Senior manager Steffen Sühnel, PwC, Berlin: Applying the Private Investor Test in practice.
- 2013. Presentation of the PhD thesis : The Market Economyc Investor principle and Article 345 TFEU".
- 2012. The applicability of State aid rules to financing Health Care in the EU/EEA.
- 2011. The Market Economy Investor Principle as a legal tool aimed at safeguarding the principle of equality of private and public undertakings under State aid rules.
- 2010. "State Aid, cross-subsidising and tender bids from suppliers controlled by the public – a problem in regulated procurement? (cfr Dir 2004/18 Article 55)”.
- 2010. "Article 345 TFEU - an exemption from competition rules? Chosen state aid related aspects of competition between public and private undertakings in the Internal Market" .
- 2019. State Aid in the Form of Tax Exemptions – Some Thoughts from Norway. European State Aid Law Quarterly. 119-120.
- 2016. "The Market Economy Investor Test in EU State Aid Law: Applicability and Application", International Competition Law Series.
- 2018. Slumpavgift blir stasstøtteproblem. Dagens næringsliv. 26-26.
- 2017. «Innovasjon Norge må forklare seg». Bergens Tidende.
- 2017. Like vilkår - men likere for noen. Dagens næringsliv.
- 2017. Amazon og Apples skatteregning i EU. Dagens næringsliv. 38-38.
- 2016. “A controversial expansion of the MEIP in a financial crisis case – the GC’s judgment in Case T‑386/14 FIH of 15 September 2016 (under appeal)”. Kluwer Competition Law Blog.
- 2016. Kan være både tillatt og fornuftig. Dagens næringsliv. 31-31.
- 2016. Hvor mye «kultur» i kulturaktivitet? Dagens næringsliv. 31-31.
- 2016. Concurrences blog – innlegg: “The EU General Court hands down a controversial judgment expanding market economy investor principle in a financial crisis case (FIH Holding)” http://www.concurrences.com/en/bulletin/news-issues/september-2016/the-french-supreme-court-holds-that-a-jurisdiction-or-arbitration-clause-cannot . e-Competitions Bulletin.
- 2014. Gjestebloggpost: T-488/11 Sarc v. Kommisjonen - programvarelisensiering som statsstøtte. Immaterialrettstrollet.
- 2015. The Applicability and Application of the Market Economy Investor Principle.
- 2018. Leterefusjonsordningen er trolig ulovlig Den norske leterefusjonsordningen utgjør en gyllen skattefordel, men kan bli gjenstand for gransking av Esa pga. mistanke om den i praksis er statsstøtte, som ikke er tillatt.
- 2018. Har staten lov til å konkurrere på det private markedet?
- 2017. Moods fekk fem millionar i risikolån – jussekspert er skeptisk til om det var lovleg https://www.nrk.no/sognogfjordane/ber-om-forklaring-pa-lan-til-moods-1.13728258.
- 2016. Rydder opp i EUs regler for statsstøtte http://www.uib.no/aktuelt/100511/rydder-opp-i-eus-regler-statsst%C3%B8tte.
- 2019. Om anvendelsen av EØS-regler om offentlig støtte i den norske universitets- og høyskolesektoren. 18 pages.
- 2019. Klimarettslege utfordringar for rettsvitskapen. 20 pages.
- 2018. Norway - National Report - XXVIII FIDE Congress. 17 pages.
- 2018. Effectiveness and Application of EU and EEA Law in Polish Courts. 44 pages.
- 2017. BP Chemicals: Lessons to Be Recalled in the Context of Applying the MEIP to Consecutive State Measures in the Financial Sector. 14 pages.
More information in national current research information system (CRIStin)
In October 2015, the Norwegian Finansmarkedsfondet, (the Finance Market Fund), granted a scholarship to finance a Post.doc.-project: «Towards more stability, competitiveness and predictability in the financial sector». The Finance Market Fund is intended to contribute to increasing public understanding concerning financial markets, with particular emphasis on the functioning of financial markets, and also ethical issues.
The leader of the project is Associate Professor Ronny Gjendemsjø. The Post.doc.-project will be carried out by Malgorzata Agnieszka Cyndecka, PhD. Cyndecka defended her PhD-thesis: «The Market Economy Investor Principle» at the Faculty of Law at UiB in January 2015. The PhD-thesis will be published by Wolters Kluwer in 2016.
While the Post.doc.-project is financed by Finansmarkedsfondet, the Faculty of Law will finance a PhD-project that will also deal with State aid law, and that will focus on state guaranties.
Both individual projects will contribute to developing the EU/EEA State aid law at the Faculty of Law and BECCLE, Bergen Centre For Competition Law and Economics.
A short description of the projects:
In Autumn 2008, the financial crisis hit Europe. In order to prevent the systemic crisis, the EU/EEA Member States granted huge amounts of state aid to banks that were "too big to fail". This was approved by the European Commission and the EFTA Surveillance Authority that are responsible for State aid control in EU/EEA. While these institutions are still dealing with financial crisis aid cases on a daily basis, it is now time to ask more general questions. How can State aid rules contribute to rebuilding the financial sector for the future? How can they make it more robust? The goal of this project is to provide some answers in this regard, and thus contribute to an on-going discussion on the financial sector. The project will analyse how State aid rules should be applied in the financial sector to safeguard its efficiency, competitiveness and equal terms and conditions for all market operators. This analysis entails two individual research projects: a Post.doc.-project and a PhD project (financed by the Faculty). The Post.doc.-project will investigate the applicability and application of the Market Economy Investor Principle (MEIP) to state measures granted in the financial sector. Under the MEIP, the state intervenes in the market in the same way as a rational, profit-oriented market operator would in similar circumstances under normal market conditions. The financial crisis raised new questions concerning the MEIP and its role in the rebuilding of the financial sector. The PhD project seeks to clarify the legal implications of repayment of aid that was granted in the form of a state guarantee. Such measures create a special triangular relation between the state, the aid recipient and the financial institution. This poses certain civil law challenges. As the procedure of aid recovery is governed by national rules, one must examine and clarify the implications of enforcing the EU/EEA State aid law to the Norwegian legal system.
In August 2016, Małgorzata joined the Norwegian government’s external working group, ‘Competition on a level playing field’, that shall analyse inter alia implicit guarantees and tax exemptions in favour of public entities and undertakings that compete with private market operators.
https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/vil-bedre-konkurransen/id2503853/
https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/951cf2eca98f4fe594f6713641ee38b0/like-konkurransevilkar--mandat.pdf