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Written by Friederike Hoffman, Sars Centre. Sponges are major constitutes of coral reef and deep sea communities. They excrete high amounts of ammonium and, due to the activity of associated microorganisms, nitrite and nitrate; these are essential nutrients, and sponges are thus considered as important nutrient sources in the marine ecosystem.
In 2000 during an oceanographic cruise a group of researchers stumbled upon a unique discovery – a completely new kind of hydrothermal vent field.
Preliminary analysis of 3650m of pristine rock core is revealing some unexpected data that may provide insights into perhaps the earliest perturbations of the global carbon cycle.
A book chapter by Vigdis Torsvik and Lise Øvreås... The book is entitled: Microbial diversity, life strategies, and adaptation to life in extreme soils. I: Microbiology of Extreme Soils. Springer 2008 ISBN 978-3-540-74230-2. s. 15-43.
They are studying the microorganisms found around the hostile environments found in the deep sea and at hydrothermal vents to learn more about how they collaborate to build up chemosynthetic ecosystems that support unique communities of larger organisms.

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